For practical reasons pre-race testing and out-of-competition testing is normally undertaken via a blood sample, as opposed to a urine sample, which is usually collected for post-race testing. However other samples such as hair are collected as required.

When used, targeted testing will be done based on established objective procedures. BHA uses an intelligence system based on the Police National Intelligence Model, which set standards for process, professionalism, fairness and confidentiality.

There is a robust chain of custody from the place of sampling to the laboratory, and within the laboratory there are rigorous procedures to ensure sample integrity.