Issued on behalf of the Horse Welfare Board
- 8,256 horses were registered during Britain’s first ever Thoroughbred Census, of which 5,566 were previously unrecorded
- The 2023 Census, undertaken by Hartpury University, has disclosed invaluable information on the lives Thoroughbreds lead after leaving racing
- New insight confirms the remarkable versatility of horses bred for racing as they move into a range of second careers
- Results found that a third are aged 15 years or over, and even more are still with their original owner post-racing
- Combined with data obtained from equestrian association bodies, there is now a level of knowledge on an estimated 80% of the former racehorse population
- The Horse Welfare Board outlines future plans to achieve complete traceability of racehorses at their first step out of the sport
- The Thoroughbred Census was funded by The Racing Foundation as part of its 3-year, £3million grant supporting the work of British racing’s Horse Welfare Board
- Assets to use: A4 infographic, video animation (please credit Great British Racing/Horse Welfare Board)
Details of 8,256* former racehorses were submitted by their owners during Britain’s first-ever Thoroughbred Census, 5,566 of which were previously unrecorded. The initiative was launched last year by British racing’s Horse Welfare Board (HWB) to generate important intelligence on the lives Thoroughbreds lead after leaving the sport.
A key aim of the Thoroughbred Census was to help bridge the intelligence gap between the current estimate of the British Thoroughbred population and the reality. Through its work, Hartpury University has now sized the former racehorse population at 33,600**. When the new Census data is combined with information from the 13,000 members of Retraining of Racehorses (RoR), plus data from equestrian associations, the intelligence bank on former racehorses residing in Great Britain now covers an estimated 80%*** of the population.
Dr Neil Hudson MP, the only veterinary surgeon in the House of Commons, said:
“This is a very welcome and crucial step in closing the gap in traceability. It is vital that the Government continues to work with the racing industry to implement important initiatives that will improve the welfare of all Thoroughbreds, both during racing, and once they leave the sport. Vital to that will be the progressing of a central Digital Equine Database.”
FUTURE PLANS TO IMPROVE TRACEABILITY
Whilst there was strong participation from people connected to racing, the Census identified gaps in contributions from wider equestrian communities and disciplines. As a result, the Horse Welfare Board, in collaboration with RoR, is now developing tailored plans to better connect with these underrepresented groups and will work with equestrian member bodies and associations to ensure any knowledge gaps continue to reduce.
Other recommendations set out by the report to increase traceability going forward include:
- A repeat Census – The HWB has set an ambition to repeat the Census again within 3-5 years.
- Develop a mechanism to ensure 100% of horses can be traced at the first step out of racing – The aim is to link the sport’s National Racing Administration System data with the RoR database so that all Thoroughbreds retiring from racing, and their new owners, are automatically enrolled with RoR when they leave the sport.
- Central Equine Database (CED) – Racing will continue to lobby Government to further develop a Central Equine Database that can successfully operate as a repository for data on all Thoroughbreds throughout their life to increase traceability.
- Defra Digital Equine ID – Lobbying work will continue with the Government to move away from the traditional paper passports and legislate a mandatory Digital Equine ID.
Tracey Crouch CBE, MP and independent member of the Horse Welfare Board, said:
“We are delighted that Britain’s inaugural Thoroughbred Census has enhanced our intelligence on the country’s Thoroughbred population. The report has also generated valuable recommendations for further improvements, some of which we will be pushing Government to support.”
THE REMARKABLE LIVES AND VERSATILITY OF THE FORMER RACEHORSES
Analysis of the data collected by the inaugural Thoroughbred Census identifies that almost two-thirds (62.9%) of the former racehorse population are aged between 5 and 14. Roughly a third (31.2%) are aged 15 years or over, including 739 Thoroughbreds aged 20 years or older, illustrating the long lives that racehorses enjoy beyond the sport.
The majority of those registered (74%) are geldings, which is believed to be because mares and fillies often move from racing into stud as their second careers and are therefore not eligible to the Census, and the most common reason owners stated their horse had left racing was due to poor performance and/or lack of aptitude for the sport.
Thoroughbreds engage in wide and varied activities after racing, such as dressage (11%), showjumping (8%) and eventing (8%), whilst the majority are enjoyed for leisure riding, hacking, and unaffiliated competing (36%). The range of activities is broad and reflects how well a racing career prepares Thoroughbreds for other disciplines, with almost as many moving into equine assisted activities, such as therapy, as those moving into endurance riding.
Helena Flynn, Programme Director, Horse Welfare Board, said:
“The Thoroughbred Census represents an important milestone in British racing’s commitment to improve the traceability of all former racehorses after they leave the sport. It also enriches our intelligence about what these horses go on to do. It is often misperceived that Thoroughbreds who are not successful in racing are discarded as they are unable to adapt to other roles, however the Census results showcase their incredible versatility and their ability to thrive in a host of new careers.”
FORMER RACEHORSE OWNERSHIP
Racing owners, as a whole, are careful and conscientious and frequently take all the necessary steps, often at personal cost, to ensure racehorses move to good homes. The Census findings reflect this, with more than a third of the horses submitted (38.6%) still with their original post-racing owner, demonstrating that post-racing owners care for their horses for long periods of time, and racing owners and trainers effectively and carefully select the next step out of racing for their racehorses. Furthermore, a vast majority (87.3%) of former racehorses have been owned by three or fewer owners. Just under half of the owners have owned at least one Thoroughbred previously (43.2%).
The primary reasons for Thoroughbred ownership include for them to be used as a project to train and compete, companionship, and because of their characteristics as a breed (temperament, athleticism, versatility). There is also evidence that owners who are, or have previously, worked in the industry have a personal connection with the horses in their care and want to give something back by looking after them once their racing careers have ended.
In terms of geographical spread, the highest population of former racehorses included in the Census were based in the South West (19.1%), South East (13.2%), East of England (12.9%), West Midlands (11.4%) and North East (10.6%).
USE OF EQUINE PASSPORTS
The primary source of traceability for all horses in Great Britain is the equine identification document (passport), which new owners of any horse are legally required to update within 30 days of new ownership. During their racing careers this information is regulated and meticulously maintained with the Weatherbys General Stud Book via breeders, owners, and trainers. Since 2018 all Thoroughbreds have been issued with a digital passport (referred to as an ePassport) alongside the mandatory paper passport, which stays with them for life and provides much wider and easier traceability functionality. It can be entirely managed from a mobile phone, tablet or PC.
However, data for former racehorses reduces significantly when they go into private ownership after, and beyond, their first step out of racing.
Whilst most Thoroughbred Census respondents (64%) had changed the ownership details on their horse’s passport to their own name, considerably higher than the 20% average across all equestrian disciplines, there is still work to be done to ensure improved owner compliance in the future.
The Census has uncovered that the reasons owners don’t update their horse’s passport with new ownership details include an attachment to the horse (worried the passport will get lost), lack of knowledge, circumstance (didn’t seem worth it at the time), process (complexity, time it takes), procrastination and expense. Furthermore, almost a third (30.8%) weren’t aware of the requirement to update an equine passport to notify a death, whilst most (75.4%) also weren’t aware they could be fined for not doing so in this instance.
Despite low compliance, most owners (83.5%) said they would be willing to use a new e-passport system to register a change of horse ownership rather than the existing postal system if it was free, or a minimal fee was charged.
Helena Flynn, continues: “Once retired from racing, these horses move out of the regulated space and into private ownership, and it’s clear that many owners need better education around their responsibility to keep every horse’s ID document up to date. Moving forward, the Horse Welfare Board and RoR will implement a communications plan to ensure owners of former racehorses are made aware, and reminded of, their responsibilities.”
Whilst there was no correlation in terms of passport possession in relation to the competitive disciplines undertaken, owners who kept their Thoroughbred as a field companion, broodmare, or engaged in equine assisted activities were less likely to have their horse’s passport in possession, presenting a need for increased education on the importance of equine passports and ensuring they’re always up to date. This was partially achieved through the Census campaign, with Weatherbys General Stud Book reporting a 34% increase in passport updates compared to the same period the previous year.
Roly Owers OBE, CEO, World Horse Welfare, said:
“It is encouraging to see the positive strides in intelligence made as a result of the Census, as well as the industry’s commitment to achieving complete traceability in the future. This is a fundamental goal for the future of the industry, both for the sake of the horses and industry’s reputation in light of the growing license to operate debate.”
The Census was undertaken in partnership with equine research experts at Hartpury University. The data, obtained following independent analysis by the University, will enable British racing and its aftercare charity, Retraining of Racehorses (RoR), to better support owners, as well as continue to build informed and helpful communities. In addition, data about this stage of a Thoroughbred’s life will be used to improve and adapt welfare initiatives and will, most importantly, enable fast and effective contact in the event of an equine disease outbreak.
The six-month census was funded by the Racing Foundation in partnership with Retraining of Racehorses and supported by World Horse Welfare and Weatherbys General Stud Book.
Notes to editors:
*8,256 horses taken forward for analysis representing the UK non-racing Thoroughbred population at a margin of error of ±1% at the 99% confidence interval.
**Across the last 20 years, an average of 4,900 Thoroughbred foals are born per annum (Weatherbys Fact Book data: 2003-2023), with on average 21,814 horses in training per year (average of BHA horses in training data: 2024-2011) and assuming an equivalent number of yearlings to foals are within the industry, there are an estimated 31,614 horses actively engaged in the racing industry per year. RoR estimate that 7,000 Thoroughbreds leave racing per year, of which 40% (n=2800) enter retraining for their second careers. Census data has identified the average age of former racehorses residing in Britain is 12±5 years, enabling an informed estimate of the current former racehorse population resident in the UK: UK former racehorse population based on average age of Thoroughbred owned: 33,600 horses.
***The table below outlines the number of Thoroughbreds captured by the Census and various equestrian associations. Based on the estimated UK former racehorse population of 33,600.
| Estimated UK former racehorse population: 33,600 | ||||||||
| Thoroughbred Census: 8,256 |
Additional RoR registered horses: 10,205 [1] |
British Show-jumping registered horses: 60 [2] |
Private owners (confirmed outside of Census): 53 |
Point-to-point registrations (22/23 season): 1,632 [3] |
Hurlingham Polo Association: 1,152 [4] |
British Dressage: 2,982 [5] |
British Eventing: 2,579 [6] |
Deficit to estimated UK former racehorse population: 6,681 |
| Total: 26,919 (80%) [7] | ||||||||
IMPORTANT: Some duplications may occur where a horse is registered with both RoR as well as one of the equestrian associations (such as British Showjumping, British Dressage or British Eventing). Some of the Thoroughbreds registered with equestrian associations may not be former racehorses or have been originally bred for racing. All data will be peer reviewed as part of the academic publishing process.
[1] 12,895 RoR registered horses minus 2,690 RoR member horses captured within the Census = 10,205
[2] 149 Thoroughbreds registered with British Showjumping minus 89 captured within the Census = 60
[3] Some crossover may occur where a horse is also in licensed training for racing whilst being registered for point-to-point during the same year
[4] GB and IRE registered Thoroughbreds between 2000-2024; including reported average annual mortality rate of 3.17% equines (fallen stock) n=38 (Tapprest et al., 2017)
[5] Thoroughbreds registered with British Dressage with a Weatherby’s GB or IRE or French Galop passport between 2005 and 2024; including average annual mortality rate of 3.17% equines (fallen stock) n=98 (Tapprest et al., 2017)
[6] Thoroughbreds registered with British Eventing with a Weatherby’s GB or IRE passport between 2005 – 2024; including reported average annual mortality rate of 3.17% equines (fallen stock) n=84 (Tapprest et al., 2017)
[7] Registered broodmare numbers (7,705) and stallions (116) per annum, are not included in this figure as they are still in racing.
Supporting images and assets can be downloaded from HERE
For more information contact:
Gabi Whitfield, Head of Welfare Communications, Great British Racing and Horse Welfare Board
[email protected] 07566 248172
Lauren Stanley, Welfare Communications, Great British Racing and Horse Welfare Board
[email protected] 07976 732277
About The Horse Welfare Board
British Racing’s goal has always been to lead the way in setting the best welfare standards in the world, both on and off the racecourse. The Horse Welfare Board was established in 2019 and is responsible for overseeing the single overarching strategy for equine welfare in the racing industry. The five-year strategy, “A life well-lived”, was launched in February 2020 and considers the whole of the racing industry, including sectors not currently fully regulated by the British Horseracing Authority (BHA) and looks across the lifetime of all horses bred for racing. Multiple workstreams are underway covering projects ranging from traceability, training, obstacle improvement and development, through to welfare funding. The strategy can be read in full HERE.
About Hartpury University
Hartpury is marking its 75th anniversary this summer, having first opened its doors as an agricultural education centre with just 50 students shortly after World War II. Today, Hartpury University and Hartpury College has 4,600 students from more than 60 countries studying PhDs, postgraduate and undergraduate degrees, and diplomas in our specialist subjects, including agriculture, animal, equine, sport, and veterinary nursing, as well as A-levels.
Hartpury University promotes the highest standards in its research and teaching practice and conducts world-leading applied research across the agriculture, animal, equine, veterinary nursing and sport and exercise sectors. An ever-expanding research and knowledge exchange directly informs taught programmes and real-world practice. In 2022, research from Hartpury was recognised as ‘world leading’ and ‘internationally excellent’ in the Research Excellence Framework (REF) results. Hartpury University ranks 1st in the South West and 6th in the UK for Teaching Quality, according to The Times and The Sunday Times Good University Guide for 2023.
About Retraining of Racehorses
Established in 2000, Retraining of Racehorses (RoR) is British Horseracing’s official charity for the welfare of horses that have retired from racing. Its mission is to safeguard the wellbeing of all former racehorses in Great Britain, and it does this through various preventative measures including:
• Setting industry standards for retraining former racehorses
• Providing training and education to new owners to nurture lifelong partnerships with their retired racehorses
• Increasing demand by promoting the versatility of these horses in various equestrian activities and facilitating their participation in competitions
• Maintaining a robust tracking system for former racehorses through RoR membership.
RoR also extends support to former racehorses in times of need through their welfare programmes.
For more information please visit: www.ror.org.uk.
